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Show Summary

The Mountaintop by Katori Hall is a gripping reimagining of events the night before the assassination of civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Taking place on April 3, 1968, an exhausted Dr. King retires to his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis after delivering one of his most memorable speeches. When a mysterious young woman named Camae delivers room service, the two engage in humorous conversation that progresses into a soul-searching discussion about their mutual hopes and fears. When Camae reveals a secret, King is forced to confront his destiny and his legacy to his people.

The AUthor

Katori Hall is an award-winning American playwright, screenwriter, and director known for her work exploring Black experiences, often centered around historical and social themes. Born in Memphis, Tennessee,her notable works include The Mountaintop which premiered in 2009 and earned her the 2010 Olivier Award for Best New Play and has been widely performed since. Known for blending realism with magical elements, her work consistently sheds light on complex social issues, bringing marginalized voices to the forefront of theatre and television. For more information on her and her works visit her website.

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*Timeline: Martin Luther King Jr., and the civil rights movement

Themes

As we enter this ordinary hotel room in the Lorraine Hotel the audience meets the extraordinary Dr. Martin Luther King but as Katori Hall depicts him. Dr. King smokes, flirts, possibly cheats, curses, and shows his weaknesses to name a few; he isn’t quite the man you expected. Enter Camae who has her own fair share of surprises despite her life story. One of the ways Katori Hall shows us that Dr. King is “just a man” is by showing us something that connects us all in the human experience: fear. He is shown as someone who questions his own strength and feels the weight of his mortality, making him more relatable and real. Audiences see King’s flaws and insecurities, allowing a glimpse of the man behind the icon-a relatable, imperfect figure who sometimes feels worn down by the weight of his mission.

Digging Deeper

  • How did the play’s portrayal of Martin Luther King Jr. differ from other portrayals you’ve seen? Did it affect how you view him and his legacy? 
  • Did Camae’s character reveal anything new or unexpected about Dr. King? What dynamics are at play between them? How does her identity affect her interaction with Dr. King? 
  • In what ways did the play explore the costs of martyrdom for Dr. King on a personal level, beyond his public role as a leader?

Listen Up

saddity- Slang for pretentious or conceited. 

square-Slang for a tobacco cigarette 

bougie-Derived from bourgeois; aspiring to be from a higher class. 

martyr- A person who is killed or suffers greatly while defending a principle, belief or cause. 

Pall Mall- A brand of cigarettes. 

Legacy- Something handed down by a predecessor, especially in terms of achievement and impact. 

spook- A spy; A derogatory term for an African American.

Mule of the World- Based on a quote from Zora Neale Hurston’s book, “Their Eyes Were Watching God” written in 1937. Referring to black women as mules describes the idea that they are considered the lowest of creatures, used for work and to bear or carry heavy loads without any power over themselves or the world around them. 

Oratorical- A characteristic of someone with eloquent and superior public speaking ability.

Incognegro- A derogatory term referring to an African American who tries to hide their African heritage. 

Commie- Short for communist; a communist is someone who believes in or advocates for the communist party or movement; it’s also used to describe someone engaged in leftwing, subversive, or revolutionary activities. 

All a’ God’s children got wings – A phrase from a “Negro Spiritual”*; it’s used to state that all people are equal and deserving of love and the same access to heaven; it also refers to a classic folktale centered around the idea that the enslaved African people in America have the gift of flight and would fly back home to freedom one day. 

Preponderance- Carrying superior weight, power, or importance. 

Woolworth’s- The F. W. Woolworth Co. was a chain of general-merchandise retail stores based on the concept of the five-and-ten (i.e., a store that sells all items in stock for 10 cents or less). Many stores had a lunch counter where only whites were allowed to eat. In the 1960s activist groups led sit-ins during which African American people went in and sat at the counters even though they weren’t allowed as a form of protest.

Setting the stage

Projection and Multimedia

In our production of The Mountaintop, projections are used to enhance storytelling.

How might images, historical footage, or text on stage deepen the impact of the narrative?

Lighting Design 

How does the lighting help to establish the mood of the play?

How do the shifts in lighting reflect Dr. King’s emotional state or foreshadow events?

Sound Design 

How does the use of sound effects of background noise (like thunder of city sounds) contribute to the play’s atmosphere?

What is the sense of time?

What emotions do these sounds evoke? 

Costume Design

How do the costumes worn by Dr. King and Camae help to reveal their characters?

What choices in their attire might represent their social status or personal struggles?

Design (Room 306)

How does the limited space in the motel room affect the character’s movements and interactions? What does this physical confinement add to the play’s themes of fear, introspection, and the characters' interactions?

How does the use of magical realism transform the motel room setting into a space that holds more than just the physical world?

The ANchor

6 Principles of Nonviolence

Dr. King was deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's success in using nonviolent resistance to challenge British colonial rule in India. As a staunch advocate for pacifism, he adopted similar principles of peaceful civil disobedience in the fight for civil rights in the United States believing that nonviolence was the most powerful and effective approach. Dr. King developed and promoted a philosophy of nonviolent protest as a central strategy in the Civil Rights Movement. 

  • Nonviolence is a way of life for courageous people. 
  • Seek to win friendship and understanding. 
  • Defeat injustice, not people.
  • Accept suffering without retaliation. 
  • Avoid physical and internal violence. 
  • The universe is on the side of justice.

Movers and Shakers

Larry Payne 

Malcom X 

Jesse Jackson

Ralph David Abernathy 

Vietnam War 

Martin Luther 

Mahatma Gandhi

Coretta Scott King

Bernice King

Civil Disobedience

Civil Rights Movement 

Poor People’s Campaign 

Sanitation Workers’ Strike 

Panther

Teaching it forward

Logos, Ethos, Pathos

Martin Luther King was renowned for his extraordinary oratory skills, which he used effectively to inspire, persuade, and mobilize people in the fight for civil rights. His speeches and writing are prime examples of the strategic use of logos (logic), ethos (credibility), and pathos (emotion). His mastery of these three rhetorical elements created speeches that were not only persuasive but also deeply moving and galvanizing.

  • What emotions did the speech evoke and how did his use of language amplify these emotions?
  • How do these strategies contribute to the overall message and purpose of the speech?
  • Why do you think Dr. King used certain strategies at specific moments in his speech? 
  • In what ways does the blend of the ordinary and the magical invite you to think differently about Dr. King’s final speech, “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop”?

Passing the baton

Create a Personal Baton

If you could make an impact in one area what would it be? What would your own “baton” look like? Some examples: equality, environmental conservation, and education. 

  • On a strip of paper create a baton by using words, symbols, or drawings that represent the legacy you want to create or values you hope to embody.
  • Share your baton with other students and explain why you chose your specific cause or legacy. 
  • Discuss how you can take small actions to start working towards this vision and ways that they can carry on the “baton” in their own lives. 
  • Divide into groups and exchange batons with each student reflecting on another’s legacy and how they might support it. Everyone can make a difference, the fight for justice is a continuous effort that is passed on from one generation to the next.